Tag - Do Air Purifiers Really Work?

How terrible is indoor air pollution? Air purifiers are the only solution

At present, common indoor pollutants include the following: formaldehyde, mainly from wood-based panels, wooden furniture, etc. Then there is carbon monoxide, which is produced by cooking. And there are mites in the air. The kitchen space is relatively closed, so it is generally the most polluted air. There can be mold in the bathroom, which is a major problem in the bathroom. In fact, everyone thinks of buying an air purifier and putting it at home for the first time, but the right air purifier must be selected to effectively protect the respiratory health of the family.


A11, an air sterilizer launched by Olansi, has the functions of Air purification + oxyhydrogen atomization + intelligent humidification + disinfection atomization, which can effectively remove fine particles in the air for a long time, including PM2.5, harmful gases, bacteria and viruses, etc. microorganism. In sleep mode, the noise is lower than 30dB, and the ultra-quiet operation brings you an extraordinary new clean experience.

In terms of appearance, the overall shape of Air Sterilizer A11 is a fashionable and versatile square column shape, with an 8L large-capacity water tank, saying goodbye to frequent water refills. In addition, the color atmosphere light is also used in the structure. When the sterilizer is short of water, the product will light up red.

In fact, indoor air pollution is not terrible, as long as you choose an effective air purifier, you can solve these problems. Air Sterilize A11, fast and durable purification, large applicable area, energy saving and environmental protection. At the same time, it is also an air purifier of international quality, and its quality and safety are trustworthy. Continue to bring fresh and healthy air to users, and can effectively purify indoor formaldehyde and other harmful substances.

Air purifier is not a so-called psychological function

OLANSI Health Industry Co., Ltd. (OLANSI for short) was founded in 2009 and is a new high-tech enterprise focusing on the research and development, production, sales and service of healthy home appliances. Committed to using technology to create a healthy, beautiful and high-quality life for consumers. Won the title of Guangdong High-tech Enterprise, 2017 China Environmental Electrical Appliances (Air Clean) Top 10 Professional Brands and many other awards.

Mny people have an untrustworthy attitude towards new products. Just like air purifiers, it can be said that air pollution in recent years has led to the development of air purifiers, so many people think that air purifiers can only remove haze. However, in fact, air purifiers are not limited to removing smog in winter, and can be used at any time in the four seasons.

Air purifiers are not a so-called psychological effect. It is confirmed by data. Why do consumers now have such suspicions? It is because many domestic purifier manufacturers do not meet the standards, and because the country does not have perfect standards. Therefore, the air purifiers on the market are mixed, and the purification efficiency of many purifiers is much lower than advertised.

Experiments have shown that more than 3000 toxic substances can be separated from tobacco smoke, the main ones being nicotine (nicotine), tobacco tar, hydrocyanic acid, carbon monoxide, acrolein and nitric oxide. 90% of the smoke is gas, and the rest are soot particles.

The HEPA filter in the air purifier can effectively filter and remove PM2.5 and other particulate matter, but it is required to be a high-efficiency HEPA filter with an energy efficiency of H12 or higher. The activated carbon filter in the purifier filter can effectively remove formaldehyde , Benzene, TVOC and other toxic and harmful gases, but the required amount should be as much as a few Kg, and the iodine value should be high (>1000), so as to effectively adsorb and decompose formaldehyde, benzene, TVOC and other toxic gases.

Generally, air purifiers have several layers of filtering devices, like pre-filters to filter larger particles in the air, and basically have HEPA particle filters, which can effectively filter dust and dust with a diameter of 0.3 microns. Bacteria, and possibly an activated carbon filter with high iodine value, can effectively purify air odors such as second-hand smoke. There are also manufacturers’ air purifiers that use ultraviolet lamps, which have a certain effect on air odors and harmful pollutants in the air. I believe everyone has a certain understanding of air purifiers, so let OLANSI recommend several air purifiers that are suitable for most people:

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If the indoor environment is relatively dry, the body will lose a lot of water, which will affect your health. At this time, you need to turn on the air purifier. It can provide moisture, make the indoor humidity reach a certain standard, and effectively protect the health of your family. An air purifier suitable for your family is very important to us. For your health, it is not too late to buy an air purifier. OLANSI is committed to technology to create a better life for consumers. , High-quality and healthy life, to produce the most suitable air purifier for everyone. If you need a suitable air purifier, OLANSI is at your service at any time.

Recent News Stories on U.S. Air Purifier Market | Application, Demand and Players from 2021-2028

Through our most recent research, the worldwide U.S. Air Purifier market size is assessed to be USD XX million in 2028 from USD XX million in 2020, with a difference of XX%. With an absolute dollar opportunity of around USD XX million, North America is expected to be the most lucrative market for players.

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People in many regions are quickly embracing western culture, which has an impact on their consumption and eating habits. Due to growing urbanization, contemporary lifestyles, a quickly developing corporate sector, demanding work schedules, and other considerations, the U.S. Air Purifier market in this region is anticipated to increase considerably. To save time and effort, consumers choose such products and even for their convenience. All of these reasons are expected to have a detrimental impact on the consumer goods sector, acting as a stumbling block to the expansion of different markets in the coming quarters.

PRIME 30+ players of the U.S. Air Purifier Industry:

The COVID-19 epidemic has had a varied impact on the global economy. Most firms experienced actual inventory network disruptions as a result of it. The emergency has reduced customers’ purchasing power. Furthermore, limited availability of raw materials, a lack of employment, and limited access to components have all had a significant impact on the U.S. Air Purifier market’s development.

When it comes to air purifiers as a category , it might actually come as a surprise to know that there are a few options available, And now the OLANSI are widely available.

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OLANSI is TOP10 Factory OEM Air Purifier, Fruit and Vegetable Sterilizer, Water Purifier etc healthcare products with over 10 years experience in China. *60,000 m2 factory size with own Injection factory, Filter factory, Production, Sales, Laboratory,CADR test room, 50 engineers’ R&D team, 500 employee, 8000pcs/day production capacity. *ISO,BSCI, CB, CB, UL, FCC, ROHS certified.

 

Functions of an air purifier–do air purifiers really work?

The presence of the air purifier in homes has become a common practice,more and more family and office using the air purifier now.But do you know the may function of an air purifier?Do air purifier really work?

olansi A3A air purifier

olansi A3A air purifier

What is an air purifier?

An air purifier is an instrument that most people have already heard about and it seems that the market has always been waiting for it, and its arrival has generated thousands of advantages to the millions of people who have one at home.

Air purifiers assist to remove impurities in the air we breathe. For example: dust, pollen, pet dander, smoke, mold spores, and other airborne pollutants. Most air purifiers use a woven material to capture particles as they try to pass through.

For many, the main function is quite widespread, so it is important to know in depth this aspect of the air purifier.

Although it is a well-known object, several people do not know in depth the function or functions that it fulfills on a daily basis, which manage to improve the quality of life of many of the users who have decided that this is part of their homes.

Air purifiers have emerged as one of the most effective solutions dedicated to fighting day-to-day against the high levels of pollution that exist throughout the planet, especially in certain regions such as China.

An air purifier can make a big difference and have a positive impact on the health of those who are constantly in the presence of it.

Next you will know a little more about the functions that an air purifier has, either inside homes or offices and various spaces where its presence is required.

Functions of an air purifier

The main function of an air purifier lies in improving the quality of the air that is breathed in the environment in which it has been placed, that is to say that its priority task is to take the air through its mechanism, and purify it, release it from the contaminating particles that it may have, and then release the already processed air.

This means that there is another function derived from the first one, and that is that the air purifier creates the most favorable conditions for a healthy environment. This is why we can see that this device can be used from small to large scale. Various spaces consider that the preparation of an environment with this device is suitable, especially if the area where they are located is quite exposed to air pollution. The environment that creates this purifier would make the most vulnerable people, and those who have to spend a lot of time in these spaces, live together in a safe way.

Another of the main functions of air purifiers is that they are also used not only to counteract the effects of outdoor pollution, but also of the devices we have inside the house, which are responsible for air conditioning the environments.

For example, there are some devices that are responsible for maintaining a fairly comfortable temperature for homes, making temperatures vary pleasantly for those who live in that environment, however, these temperatures are sometimes also ideal for certain bacteria to proliferate and parasites that inevitably grow in our homes and for various reasons. In this case, the purifier and air would be an ideal element to combat them, without the need to make significant changes in the temperatures that they wish to keep at home.

Olansi K01A air purifier

Olansi K01A air purifier

Do air purifiers really work?

So, do air purifiers work? Yes, they are able to trap a high percentage of the airborne allergens and irritants that flow through the filters. However, remember that an air purifier is only one step in getting rid of dust, mold, Volatile Organic Compounds, smoke odor, pet dander, or pollen.

For more info about the air purifier,you can pay a visit to olansi air purifier at https://www.olansi.net

Air pollution causes 467,000 premature deaths a year in Europe so you need air purifier

Air pollution is causing around 467,000 premature deaths in Europe every year, the European Environment Agency (EEA) has warned.

People in urban areas are especially at risk, with around 85% exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at levels deemed harmful by the World Health Organization (WHO).

These particles are too small to see or smell, but have a devastating impact.

PM2.5 can cause or aggravate heart disease, asthma and lung cancer.

How big is the problem?

It’s pretty bad. Within the European Union (EU), more than 430,000 people died prematurely due to PM2.5 in 2013, the most recent year with figures available.

According to the EEA’s Air quality in Europe – 2016 report, the toxic gas nitrogen dioxide (NO2) – released by vehicles and central heating boilers – has an impact equivalent to 71,000 premature deaths a year.

Ground-level ozone (O3) is also killing people – an estimated 17,000 annually in the EU.

Unlike the protective ozone layer in the stratosphere, ground-level ozone is harmful, formed when emissions like NO2 react with other pollutants and “cook” in heat or sunlight.

A seagull flies through smog above the skyline of the City of London on April 2, 2014.

A chart showing the ten European countries with the worst levels of PM2.5

The European countries with the worst levels of PM2.5 are Bulgaria, Poland and the Czech Republic.

Nations like Poland where coal is a major source of electricity production tend to rank at the bottom of air quality measures, according to the EEA.

 

In 2013, Bulgaria provided four of the five worst European cities for high particulate matter. Costs to ill-health from coal power plants in the country are estimated to be up to €4.6bn ($4.8bn; £3.9bn) per year.

In the UK, air pollution overall costs the economy more than £20bn per year – just under 16% of the NHS’s annual £116bn budget.

Air pollution deaths mapTechnically, European air quality actually improved between 2000 and 2014. Levels of PM10 – another tiny pollutant particle – fell in 75% of the EEA’s monitored locations.

PM2.5 concentrations also dropped on average between 2006 and 2014.

But EEA executive director Hans Bruyninckx says “unacceptable damage to human health and the environment” is still rife.

Outdoor air pollution contributes to about 40,000 early deaths a year in the UK, according to the Royal Colleges of Physicians and of Paediatrics and Child Health.

 

SO,you should buy a air purifier in your school/home/office to improve air quanlity.

AS for this situation.I’ll introduce our company Olansi air purifier products.

031This product has big CADR with 200m³/h·Low noise 18db.In addition,it has humidification function.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Can air purifiers and masks protect you from the poisonous Delhi air?

With worsening smog levels turning Delhi (NCR) into a virtual gas chamber, demand for air purifiers and masks is at an all-time high. Delhi experienced the worst smog in 17 years after Diwali, with PM2.5 readings, which have a safe limit of 60 micrograms per cubic meter, having gone up to an alarming 900 in some parts of the city last week. The situation triggered a spurt in the purchase of air purifiers and masks in the national capital.

airpollution“I bought an air purifier and masks primarily because of my children. My son and daughter were complaining about discomfort in breathing after Diwali night,” says Prasanna Singh, a resident of Alakhnanda in South Delhi. However, he’s clueless about the effectiveness of the masks and air purifier. He adds,

I don’t know whether they actually help in filtering out particulate matter and hazardous gases or not.

Prasanna isn’t the only one expressing concern over the quality of masks and purifiers; YourStory spoke to several people who purchased them – all seemingly unaware of the true effectiveness of the products.

When it comes to air purifiers, one tends to look at the lower and mid-range products in the market and get excited by the area covered and the lower prices (in the range of Rs 10,000-20,000). One must read the fine print – these devices have inferior motors and far inferior filters.

Static Electricity: A Spark of Interest

We’ve all have experienced static electricity in one way or another. Those unexpected little shocks we get when we touch a doorknob or some other metallic object, the balloons that stick to the wall after being rubbed in the head, or hair itself standing straight when it comes close, all are produced by static electricity. Most of the time it is produced when two objects come in contact or are rubbed together.

What is Static Electricity?

All materials are made up of molecules, and all molecules have tiny atoms, with positively charged protons, neutral neutrons, and negatively charged electrons. Most of the time an atom is neutral with the same number of protons and electrons. When an atom’s proton and electron numbers are uneven, the electron dance begins. If you place two different materials next to each other, electrons will start jumping from one material to the other.

Static electricity is generated when any material gains or loses electrons and becomes positively (when it loses electrons) or negatively charged (when it gains electrons). The accumulated charges are what’s called static electricity. Conductive materials like metals and carbon hold onto their electrons tightly, whereas insulating materials, such as plastic, can be charged by friction because they easily gain or lose electrons.

In 600 BC, the Greek philosopher Thales[1] observed that some combinations of materials have more potential to make sparks fly than others. Materials can be catalogued in order of their tendency to become charged, from positive to negative. The lower an item sits on the list, the more likely it will attract more electrons and become negatively charged. Rubbing objects far from each other on the list creates a bigger charge than objects closer together. For example, polishing a glass plate with a silk scarf electrifies the scarf so that it acts like a magnet.

When you stride across a wool carpet in leather shoes, your shoes pick up extra electrons from the carpet with each step. By the time you lift your foot up off the ground, the electrons will have spread around your entire body, giving you a negative charge. The next time you put your foot on the carpet, your shoe doesn’t have any extra electrons, but your head might. So more electrons make the leap to your foot.

“As you keep walking across the floor, you become full of electrons,” said Todd Hubing, from the Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory at the University of Missouri-Rolla. “Eventually more electrons don’t want to come up on you because you’re so charged up. You end up with a high voltage, about 20,000 to 25,000 volts.” That’s serious power at your fingertips, considering a normal electrical outlet on the wall is only around 100 volts[2] of electricity.

Practical Uses of Static Charges

Dust removal: There are some appliances that can eliminate dust from the air, like air purifiers. They use static electricity to alter the charges in the dust particles so that they stick to a filter of the purifier that has an opposite charge as that of the dust (opposite charges attract each other). This effect is also used in industrial smokestacks to reduce the pollution that they generate. The effect is basically the same as the home air purifier.95g58picmfk_1024.

Photocopy: Copy machines use static electricity to make ink get attracted to the areas where we need the information copied. It uses the charges to apply the ink only in the areas where the paper to be copied is darker (usually this means text or other information) and not where the paper is white, this process is called xerography.

Car painting: To make sure a car’s paint is uniform and that it will resist the high speeds and weather to protect the car’s metal interior, it is applied with a static charge. The metal body of the car is submerged in a substance that charges it positively, and the paint is charged negatively.

This process ensures a uniform layer of paint, since when there is enough negative paint in the car the extra will be repelled by the paint already in the car. It also ensures that the paint won’t fall off.

Beijing to get largest air purifier

To the bafflement of some local residents, the world’s largest outdoor air purifier arrived in Beijing to help the capital combat its persistent hazardous smog.

The brainchild of Dutch designer Daan Roosegaarde, the tower is  undergoing last -minute checks in Beijing’s 751 D Park art area. The public, meanwhile, are bemused by the tower’s function and have called on authorities to curb dangerous sources of polluting particles.

The Smog Free Tower will soon be opened to the public, and will be toured across the country, the Legal Daily reported, quoting China Forum of Environmental Journalists, an NGO under China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection.

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According to the Studio Roosegaarde website, the 7-meter-tall tower can capture about 75 percent of PM 2.5 and PM 10 particles in its vicinity and then release purified air to create a “bubble” of fresh air around it. The tower can clean 30,000 cubic meters of air per hour through its patented ozone-free ion technology.

Liu Guozheng, CFEJ secretary-general, told the newspaper that bringing the tower to Beijing is intended to warn  authorities never to forget their duty and encourage the public to pull together to combat the smog.

Beijing has been plagued with heavy smog since the beginning of October. The city’s environmental authorities issued a yellow alert for air pollution Tuesday afternoon.

Netizens expressed their frustration over the tower. “The so-called divine smog cleaner is more like a piece of performance art, which makes almost zero difference to cleaner air in the city. It devours the polluted air and exhales fresh air, but so little it won’t make any difference. The air will stay polluted,” said one Sina Weibo user.

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Air Purifier for Winter Allergies

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Allergy & asthma tips for the holidays

The holiday season holds several potential triggers for allergy and asthma sufferers. Whether it’s setting up your Christmas tree, visiting your pet-owning relatives, or feasting on holiday treats, allergy triggers may be lurking around every corner.

“With hectic schedules and constant traveling around the holidays, it’s easy to forget to take proper care when dealing with allergies and asthma,” said Wanda Phipatanakul, MD, MS, FAAAAI, vice-chair of the AAAAI’s Indoor Allergen Committee. “Remembering to take medication and avoid potential triggers is necessary to keep symptoms under control.”

Tips for an Allergy-Free Holiday Season

Before decorating a live Christmas tree, allow it to dry out on an enclosed porch or garage. You also may want to explore whether the tree retailer has a shaking machine, which will physically remove some allergens from the tree.

  • Clean artificial Christmas trees outside before decorating. They can gather mold and dust in storage.
  • Change the filter in your air purifier.
  • Wash fabric decorations in hot, soapy water before displaying.
  • Use plastic, metal or glass decorations that cannot trap dust mites.
  • When spraying artificial snow on windows or other surfaces, be sure to follow directions. These sprays can irritate your lungs if you inhale them.
  • If visiting relatives’ homes who have pets, take medication before arriving to minimize a possible reaction.
  • The holidays can be a very stressful time of year. Pay attention to your stress level, which can sometimes lead to an asthma attack.
  • Ask your relatives and friends to avoid burning wood in the fireplace. The smoke can trigger an asthma attack.
  • Dust mites can be especially troubling when traveling away from home, take a desktop air purifier and your own pillow with an allergen-proof cover and request down-free pillows if staying in a hotel.

The Science of Air Purifiers and Health: Is There Data?

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What is one of the hottest gifts in China? Perhaps you could give “the gift that keeps on giving”: an indoor air purifier. They certainly are all the rage in China since last year, with skyrocketing sales and sold-out inventories after the trio of highly publicized airpocalyptic crises. I think this is a good turn of events: plenty of independent testing,including mine, has documented that a good air purifier can dramatically improve your indoor PM2.5 by 80% or more. But is there any good data that proves that this actually makes you healthier? It seems logical, of course, that decreasing exposure to pollution would decrease harmful health effects. But medical history is filled with tales of common sense and tradition that later turn out to be worthless or harmful — like bloodletting, or the more modern tradition of multivitamins. A big percentage of people reading this article take a daily multivitamin, assuming it’s “healthier” to do so, but the best evidence shows they are worthless, and possibly harmful. Could air purifiers be the same?

In theory and in testing, a good purifier should improve a room’s pollution levels more than 80%; this80% reduction is also what the private Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) uses in their clean air delivery rate (CADR) tests, which are widely cited in comparison charts of air purifiers. So let’s say you’ve installed a top-of-the-line purifier in your living room, feeling quite safe and cozy. But how much of your time is actually in that filtered room? Or maybe the purifier is too small for that room size, or the filters are old, or the fan speed is too low, or the windows are open? Even this commonly cited CADR test is just a lab test for only 20 minutes — what about in the real world? I want to take this conversation to the next level, seeking out proof that your health will improve when using these machines. I want to be able to tell my patients and readers that there are published research studies which followed people over many months or even years, compared them to a control group not using air purifiers, and measured their health to see if there was any improvement in heart and lung disease, cancers and death rates. Are there any such studies?258035c025c59745eaab068434d9d6c6

searched the Pubmed scientific database to find the best studies, and I was disappointed but not surprised to find very little strong data. A properly designed research project like this would be very difficult and expensive. But there are a few attempts, especially studies looking at using HEPA filters to help children with asthma. One was a systematic review published in 2002, which found that air filters helped to improve asthma symptoms — but the effect was small, and there was wide variation between studies which made conclusive assessments difficult. A more recent, very well designed study published in Pediatrics in 2011 followed two hundred children with asthma who also were exposed to secondhand smoke at home, and gave half of the kids a true HEPA purifier and the other half a fake purifier for their bedrooms. After a year, the HEPA group of children had less doctor visits for asthma flares, which possibly — but not conclusively — could be due to the 25% decrease in PM2.5 in their homes.

Other studies have focused on allergies, including an interesting study from 2008 which assessed children with documented pet allergies, following them over a year and recording lung function and blood markers. After a year, those who used HEPA air purifiers showed no clear difference in lung function, use of allergy medicines, or blood markers of allergies. Another study back in 1990 was a bit more impressive, showing not only a 70% reduction in indoor PM0.3 but also improved patient symptoms of allergies.

All of these hint at health benefits, but they still dance around the edges of what I want to know for us in China and the developing world. In the USA, most of the air purifier marketing and testing focuses on allergies and asthma. But here in the developing countries, the air pollution is much more severe and thus the health risks are far more serious. We are worried about pollution’s long-term risks of death, heart and lung disease and cancer. These studies I just mentioned still aren’t answering that deeper question: can long-term use of indoor air purifiers prevent death, heart and lung disease, and cancer?

The best study I found was published in January 2013 in Indoor Air. It was very well designed for this complicated type of study, being a randomized double-blind crossover study of 20 homes over three weeks, using an air purifier or a placebo purifier. Their main goal in this remote First Nations community in Canada was to assess whether air purifiers could improve cardiorespiratory health. As their abstract says,

“…each home received an electrostatic air filter and a placebo filter for 1 week in random order, and lung function, blood pressure, and endothelial function measures were collected at the beginning and end of each week… On average, air filter use was associated with a 217-ml increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second, a 7.9-mm Hg decrease in systolic blood pressure, and a 4.5-mm Hg decrease in diastolic blood pressure. Consistent inverse associations were also observed between indoor PM2.5 and lung function. In general, our findings suggest that reducing indoor PM2.5 may contribute to improved lung function in First Nations communities.”

This same Canadian research team had earlierpublished a similar study, testing 45 non-smokers for 7 days in 20 homes that used wood stoves, comparing health effects with or without HEPA purifiers. The people using the filters showed improved endothelial function and biomarkers of inflammation such as CRP. As most pollution researchers now see pollution as a pro-inflammatory disease, testing for such biomarkers could indeed be an accurate surrogate for later health problems. This approach is also being used in studies of air pollution masks, which I recently reviewed.

My take from these studies? Firstly, they all confirm what we already know: air purifiers can reduce the levels of indoor PM2.5, but with a wide range of effectiveness. Secondly are the more important results looking at health markers. I think the most encouraging finding was the First Nation study showing improvement in lung function, even in such a short amount of time (less than a month). Their data was a bit less convincing on blood pressure improvements, but perhaps a larger study would help confirm their initial findings of a slight improvement.

None of these studies are slam-dunk proof for me, but I honestly don’t know whether we ever will get many more well designed studies like these, unless governmental researchers or Gates-type philanthropists fund them. But until better studies come along, we must rely on what we do know:

  • Air pollution contains many chemicals, but PM2.5 is considered to be the most harmful to health.
  • There is no such thing as a “safe” level of PM2.5. Lower is always better.
  • Worsening PM2.5 causes deaths from all causes, especially heart and lung diseases and cancers. Many studies have shown this, including this 2013 meta-analysis of the population in China.
  • On the brighter side, long-term improvements in PM2.5 do help to decrease mortality. The best study was a huge epidemiological analysis of entire populations in American cities as the air improved from the 1970’s to 1990’s. Lifespans improved for everyone, for a multitude of reasons, and they estimate that 15% of the improved life expectancy was due to cleaner air.
  • Shorter studies have also shown improvements in health from better outdoor air pollution. The best designed study I’ve seen on this happened right here in Beijing, during the 2008 Olympics. A team of researchers followed 125 healthy young doctors before, during and after the Olympics, and found improved blood pressure, heart rate and other biomarkers of inflammation during those lovely days of improved air pollution. Another encouraging studyfollowed pregnant women and their babies in Tongliang, China both before and after a heavily polluting coal-fired power plant was forced to shut down in 2004, and found improved neurodevelopmental scores in newborns at age 2 years.

Is all of this enough to convince you to use an indoor purifier? For me, I was already convinced years ago — it’s not just common sense, it actually makes biochemical sense and also perfectly fits withthe precautionary principle: “When an activity raises threats of harm to the environment or human health, precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause and effect relationships are not fully established scientifically.”